For adults, this is usually a 4- to 6-week course of intravenous, or sometimes oral, antibiotics or antifungals. Some patients need treatment in hospital, while others may receive injections as an outpatient, or at home if they can inject themselves. Possible side effects from antibiotics include diarrhea , vomiting, and nausea. Sometimes there may be an allergic reaction. If the infection is caused by MRSA or some other drug-resistant bacteria, the patient may need a longer course of treatment and a combination of different medications.
In some cases, hyperbaric oxygen therapy HBOT may be recommended. In sub-acute osteomyelitis, infection develops within 1—2 months of an injury, initial infection, or the start of an underlying disease. If there is no bone damage, treatment is similar to that used in acute osteomyelitis, but If there is bone damage, treatment will be similar to that used in chronic osteomyelitis.
In chronic osteomyelitis, infection starts at least 2 months after an injury, initial infection, or the start of an underlying disease. If the patient cannot tolerate surgery, for example, because of illness, the doctor may use antibiotics for longer, possibly years, to suppress the infection. If the infection continues regardless, it may be necessary to amputate all or part of the infected limb. Other symptoms may include swelling of the ankles, feet, and legs, and changes in walking pattern, for example, a limp.
The symptoms of chronic osteomyelitis are not always not obvious, or they could resemble the symptoms of an injury. In children, osteomyelitis tends to be acute, and it usually appears within 2 weeks of a pre-existing blood infection.
This is known as hematogenous osteomyelitis, and it is normally due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus S. Diagnosis can be difficult, but it is important to get a diagnosis as soon as possible, because delaying diagnosis can lead to growth disturbances or deformity. It can be fatal. In adults, sub-acute or chronic osteomyelitis are more common, especially after an injury or trauma, such as a fractured bone. This is known as contiguous osteomyelitis.
It can result from an infection somewhere else in the body that has spread to the bone, or it can start in the bone — often as a result of an injury. Osteomyelitis is more common in younger children five and under but can happen at any age. Boys are usually more affected than girls. Antibiotics are often prescribed to treat osteomyelitis.
Surgery may also be recommended in certain cases. Osteomyelitis is an inflammation or swelling of bone tissue that is usually the result of an infection. Bone infection may occur for many different reasons and can affect children or adults. Osteomyelitis may occur as a result of a bacterial bloodstream infection, sometimes called bacteremia, or sepsis, that spreads to the bone.
This type is most common in infants and children and usually affects their long bones like the femur thighbone or humerus upper arm bone. When osteomyelitis affects adults, it often involves the vertebral bones along the spinal column. The source of the blood infection is usually Staphylococcus aureus , although it may be caused by a different type of bacteria or fungal organism. Osteomyelitis can also occur from a nearby infection due to a traumatic injury, frequent medication injections, a surgical procedure or use of a prosthetic device.
What begins as a small cut can progress to a deep ulcer that may expose deep tissue and bone to infection. There are a number of conditions that require the use of medical tubing to connect the outside world with your internal organs. However, this tubing can also serve as a way for germs to get into your body, increasing your risk of an infection in general, which can lead to osteomyelitis.
If your immune system is affected by a medical condition or medication, you have a greater risk of osteomyelitis. Factors that may suppress your immune system include:. People who inject illegal drugs are more likely to develop osteomyelitis because they may use nonsterile needles and are less likely to sterilize their skin before injections. If you've been told that you have an increased risk of infection, talk to your doctor about ways to prevent infections from occurring.
Reducing your risk of infection will also help your risk of developing osteomyelitis. In general, take precautions to avoid cuts, scrapes and animal scratches or bites, which give germs easy access to your body. If you or your child has a minor injury, clean the area immediately and apply a clean bandage. Check wounds frequently for signs of infection. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products.
Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version. If the infection is treated quickly within 3 to 5 days of it starting , it often clears up completely. You can take painkillers to ease the pain. If the infection is in a long bone such as an arm or leg , you may be fitted with a splint so you do not move it as often. If the infection has damaged the bone, you'll need surgery known as debridement to remove the damaged part.
Sometimes more than one operation is needed to treat the infection. Muscle and skin from another part of the body might be used to repair the area near the affected bone.
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